Laboratory detergents are specialized chemical agents used for cleaning glassware, plasticware, and other experimental instruments. These detergents possess strong cleaning capabilities to remove grease, stains, and chemical residues, ensuring that lab equipment remains clean and contamination-free. Below are the common types of laboratory detergents and important precautions when using them.

• Main Components

Strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or hydrogen chloride.

• Application

Effective for removing inorganic residues like mineral deposits, water scale, and metal salts. Acidic detergents are ideal for eliminating alkaline contaminants.

• Main Components

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or ammonia solutions.

• Application

Primarily used to remove organic residues, including oils, greases, and proteins. They are widely used in organic chemistry and biological experiments.

• Main Components

Nonionic surfactants or low concentrations of acidic/alkaline substances with near-neutral pH.

• Application

Suitable for cleaning light stains, fingerprints, or mild organic residues on glassware. Neutral detergents are safe for most materials and ideal for daily maintenance.

• Main Components

Surfactants, enzymes, or mild acids.

• Application

Used with ultrasonic cleaning machines to remove fine particles, deposits, and biological residues.

• Features

Ultrasonic waves can reach microscopic cracks and inaccessible areas, making this method ideal for precision instruments.

• Main Components

Enzymes, hydrolyzed proteins, or mild acid/alkaline agents.

• Application

Designed to eliminate biological residues such as proteins, DNA, and RNA, commonly used in biochemical and medical laboratories.

• Main Components

Nonionic surfactants and degreasing chemicals.

• Application

Used to remove fats and oily contaminants, especially in organic and biochemical experiments.

• Select the Appropriate Detergent

Choose based on residue type and material. Acidic detergents remove inorganic substances, alkaline ones target organic matter, while neutral detergents suit light contamination.

• Follow Usage Instructions

Always read product labels for information on concentration, dilution ratio, and reaction time to avoid damage from excessive strength or improper handling.

• Wear Protective Equipment

Because some detergents are corrosive, gloves, goggles, and lab coats must be worn. In case of contact, rinse affected areas immediately with plenty of water.

• Avoid Mixing Different Cleaners

Never mix acidic and alkaline detergents, as this may cause chemical reactions, release harmful gases, or form corrosive by-products.

• Rinse Thoroughly

Ensure all detergent residues are completely removed after washing to prevent corrosion and interference with future experiments.

• Use Proper Cleaning Methods

Small items like pipettes or test tubes can be cleaned with brushes or ultrasonic machines, while larger instruments may require automated washers.

• Avoid Strong Chemicals for Plastics

Strong acids or bases can damage plasticware; mild neutral detergents are safer alternatives.

• Maintain Cleaning Equipment Regularly

Devices like ultrasonic cleaners should be cleaned and serviced routinely to ensure long-term efficiency and reliability.

Selecting the right detergent depends on experimental needs, instrument materials, and the type of contamination. Proper use not only improves cleaning efficiency but also helps protect laboratory equipment and ensures reliable experimental results.