I. Introduction   As a fundamental piece of laboratory equipment, vacuum pumps support core experimental techniques across various fields, including chemical synthesis, biological sample preparation, and materials characterization, by creating controllable low-pressure environments. The diversity of their applications stems from the performance differences between various pump types. From the oil-free cleanliness of diaphragm pumps to the ultra-high vacuum of turbomolecular pumps, from the deep vacuum of rotary vane pumps to the corrosion resistance of screw pumps, each type is precisely matched to specific experimental needs.   I. Solvent Processing in Chemical Experiments   1. Vacuum Filtration: Accelerating Solid-Liquid Separation   Vacuum pumps are critical for efficiency in chemical experiments. Vacuum filtration uses negative pressure to accelerate solid-liquid separation. For example, PTFE diaphragm pumps are used for processing strong acid waste liquids, resistant to aqua regia and other corrosive substances. Their oil-free design prevents contamination, and a flow rate fluctuation of < ±3% ensures stable recovery rates of trace components.   2. Rotary Evaporation: Low-Temperature Concentration of High-Boiling Solvents   Rotary evaporation utilizes vacuum pumps to lower boiling points, enabling low-temperature concentration. In ethanol-water separation, an oil-free diaphragm pump, in conjunction with a rotary evaporator, reduces the boiling point of ethanol from 78°C to 45°C, shortening the operation time by 40%. For high-boiling-point solvents, rotary vane pumps are required, such as the Industrial Type Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump and Single Stage Rotary Vane Vacuum Air Pump, which are equipped with gas ballast valves to prevent vapor condensation and maintain a vacuum fluctuation of < ±0.005MPa, fully meeting the requirements of high-boiling-point solvent concentration experiments.   II. Sample Preparation in Biomedical Applications   1. Lyophilization (Freeze-Drying): Core Preservation Technique for Biological Samples   Biological samples have high purity requirements, necessitating vacuum pumps that balance “contamination-free” operation with “precise pressure control.” Lyophilization (freeze-drying) is a core preservation technique. For example, in vaccine production, virus suspensions are pre-frozen at -50°C and then dehydrated by sublimation. Hybrid vacuum pumps provide a vacuum of 0.002 mbar, preventing ice crystal damage to the virus. The resulting freeze-dried product has a moisture content of